[Reported by Tu Yi-hsuan, NCCU News]
On March 30, 2026, the Center for General Education at National Chengchi University (NCCU) hosted the third installment of the “General Education Lectures on Changing the World.” The university invited Dr. Chu Ching-yi, an Academician of the Academia Sinica, to deliver a keynote address titled “Technological and Economic Competition Between the United States and China.” Drawing upon his extensive experience in international trade and global strategy, Academician Chu provided the faculty and students with an in-depth analysis of the complex U.S.-China relationship through the lenses of technological sovereignty and international economic distribution.

A Paradigm Shift in Global Affairs and Trade Logic
Academician Chu is a seminal figure in Taiwan’s economic landscape. Currently a professor in the Department of Economics at National Taiwan University, his distinguished career includes tenures as Vice President of Academia Sinica, Minister without Portfolio of the Executive Council, Minister of the National Science Council, and Chairman of the Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research. Furthermore, he served as the Permanent Representative of the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu to the World Trade Organization (WTO), bringing a wealth of practical experience in international economic negotiations to his academic expertise.
During the lecture, Dr. Chu noted that the efficiency-driven globalization of the past three decades is gradually undergoing “fragmentation” due to intensifying geopolitical conflicts. He argued that the logic of international trade has shifted; it is no longer governed solely by cost-efficiency but has become centered on national security and value systems. Amidst high levels of economic interdependence, nations are erecting defensive barriers, causing the global system to pivot from free trade toward a value-based alliance of polarized blocs.
The “Digital Wall” and the Supremacy of Critical Technologies
Regarding the transition of U.S.-China relations from cooperation to structural competition, Dr. Chu observed that both powers are erecting a “Digital Wall” to prevent data breaches and ideological infiltration.“One side of this wall consists of technological blockades, while the other involves prohibitions on data collection,” he explained.
Citing the U.S. bans on TikTok and WeChat, along with efforts to discourage the use of Chinese-made GPS systems, Chu underscored that both parties have entered a phase of profound mutual distrust.
In the realm of technological warfare, Academician Chu emphasized that the core of the current struggle lies in the mastery of critical technologies. He explained that the United States has recently adopted a “Small Yard, High Fence” strategy, imposing stringent export controls on core sectors such as semiconductors, quantum computing, and artificial intelligence. The objective is to sever China’s ability to develop advanced weaponry and surveillance technologies, utilizing a level of regulatory force that is unprecedented in history.

The Evolution of Modern Warfare
Addressing the future of conflict, Dr. Chu posited that competition will migrate toward the “Fifth Space,” dominated by AI and Big Data. Warfare is no longer confined to physical borders; instead, it manifests as “hybrid warfare” involving Deepfake-driven disinformation and cyberattacks designed to paralyze infrastructure.“If you lose the battle in the digital space,” Chu noted, “your actions in the physical space will inevitably be constrained.”
During the interactive session, a student inquired how other nations should navigate the international trade system given the current stalemate within the WTO. Dr. Chu responded that the WTO was established before the advent of the digital era. Consequently, its regulatory framework targets traditional trade and is ill-equipped to address modern digital trade issues. Furthermore, because the WTO operates on a “consensus-based” decision-making process, the system remains largely paralyzed when faced with competition between authoritarian regimes and democratic digital spaces.
With the 2025 inauguration of Donald Trump for a second term, the U.S.-China confrontation has faced new shocks and variables. Dr. Chu remarked candidly that Trump represents an “unguided force,” making his behavior difficult to forecast. When asked how the public should respond to such a chaotic global climate and the future trajectory of U.S.-China relations, he concluded with a touch of humor:
“What should the citizens do? Let the bullets fly for a while longer.”





















